IRNSS :-INDIA'S INDIGENOUS NAVIGATING AND POSITIONING SYSTEM

IRNSS: INDIA’S INDIGENOUS NAVIGATING AND POSITIONING SYSTEM

*INTRODUCTION :-

UNLIKE GPS, NAVIC(IRNSS) IS THE INDEGENEOUSLY GLOBAL POSITIONING AND NAVIGATING SYSTEM DEVELOPED BY INDIAN GOVERNMENT FOR ITS’ PUBLIC AND DEFENCE USE.NAVIC(IRNSS) STANDS FOR NAVIGATION WITH INDIAN CONSTILLATION (INDIAN REGIONAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM) DEVELOPED WITH THE INITAIL COST OF Rs 1,420 CRORES.IT CONSISTS OF CONSTILLATION OF 7 SATELLITES NAMED AS IRNSS(1-A,B,C,D,E,F,G) LAUNCHED BY THE  SERIES OF PSLV ROCKETS BY ISRO(INDIAN SPACE  AND RESEARCH ORGANISTAION ) FROM SATISH DHAWAN SPACE CENTER SITUATED AT SHREE HARIKOTA.INDIAN GOVERNMENT HAS PLANNED IT’S SERVICES FROM THE BEGINNING OF FIRST QUATER OF YEAR 2018 BUT IT DELAYED DUE SOME TECHNICAL ISSUES REGARDING THE SATELLITE.BASICALLY THERE ARE TWO SERVICES OFFERD BY ANY OF THE NAVIGATING SYSTEM WHICH ARE AS FOLLOWS:-

1.)  PRIVATE SERVICES – THESE SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE FOR EVERY BODY. FOR EXAMPLE -NAVIGATION BY GOOLGE MAPS, MISSING PHONE LOACATING AND DETECTION, MAPPING ETC.

2.) RESTRICTED SERVICES – THESE ARE SPECIAL SERVICES CONSUMED BY THE DEFENCE FORCES OF THAT COUNTRY.FOR EXAMPLE – FINDING EXTERNAL THREAT, LOCKING TARGET FOR ATTACK, NAVIGATING MISSLES ETC.

*WHAT THE REASON FOR DEVELOPING OWN NAVIAGTION SYSTEM INSTEAD OF USING GPS OF UNITED STATES?

THE MAIN REASON WAS FIRST CAME INTO ACT DURING KARGIL WAR .DURING KARGIL WAR(1999) INDIAN DEFENCE FORCES ASKED FOR THE RESTRICTED SERVICES THAT ARE OFFERD BY THE NAVIGATION SYSTEM OF THE U.S. BUT U.S.A REFUSES FOR THE SERVICES AS A RESULT INDIAN DEFENCE FORCES UNABLE TO DETECT THE  LOCATING OF ENEMIES WHICH RESULTS KILLINGS OF JAWANS AND MAJOR CASUALITIES.THE SECOND MOST REASON   FOR DEVELOPING OUR OWN NAVIGATING AND POSITIONING SYSTEM IS THE FALIURE OF TESTING OF BRAHMOS MISSILE SYSTEM.THE FALIURE CAUSES DUE TO WRONG NAVIGATION OFFERED BY THE AMERICAN’S.THEY HAVE DONE CONATAMINATION IN TRACKING AND LOACTING MISSLES WHICL LEAD TO THE FALIURE .FROM THAT TIME ONWARDS INDIAN GOVERNMENT  DECIDED NOT TO COMPROMISE WITH THE INTERNAL SECURITY AND DEFENCE MATTERS.IN MAY 2006,INDIAN GOVT. DECIDED TO WORK UP ON IT’S OWN NAVIGATING PROGRAM WHICH AFTER ONWARDS NAMED AS NAVIC(IRNSS).ACCORDING TO THE PROGRAM THE LAUNCHING OF SATELLITES SHOULD BE STARTED FROM YEAR 2011,BUT DUE SOME PROBLEM THE PROGRAM DELAYED BY 2 YEARS .NOW THE PROGRAM STARTED FRON 2013, AND ALL THE SATELLITES LAUNCHING AND ESTABLISHMENT COMPLETED IN YEAR 2016.

• THIS PROGRAM CONSISTS OF A CONSTILLATION OF 7 SATELLITES AND 2 EXTRA SATELLITES AS A BACKUP .IN TOTOAL 9 SATELLITES TO BE LAUNCHED IN THIS PROGRAM, IN WHICH 3 SATELLITES SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED IS GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT (FIXED ORBITS) AND FOUR IN GEOSYNCRONOUS ORBITS IN THE PAIR OF TWO (ROTATING ORBIT IN THE PATH OF 8).

• FOR NAVIGATIN ONLY SIX OF THE SATELLITES ARE IN USE AT A TIME TEHS SEVENTH SATELLITE IS FOR THE TIME REFERANCE SATELLITE.

*NAVIC SPECIFICATIONS: -

1.) NAVIC IS MORE ACCURATE AND PRECISE FROM AMERICA’S NAVIGATION SYSTEM (G.P.S).

2.) ITs PUBLIC SERVICES ACCURACY IS OF 15-20 METRES.

3.) ITs RESTRICTED SERVICES ACCURACY IS 0.1 METRES.

4.) IT’S COVERAGE REGION IS ALL INDIA AND 1500 KM APART FROM INDIA.

*WHY IRNSS HAS NOT BEEN OPERATIONAL TILL NOW: -

WELL THE DELAYNESS IN THE PROGRAM IS DUE TO THE MALFUNCTIONING IN THE ATOMIC CLOCK OF THE IRNSS (1-A) SATELLITE. DURING IT’S TRAIL STAGE SCIENTISTS DETECTED SOME PROBLEM IN NAVIGATION IN FIRST QUARTER OF YEAR 2017 WHICH AFTER ONWARDS DIAGNOSED AND DETECTED THE ERROR IN THE MISMATCH OF THE TIMINGS, AS A RESULT CAME THAT ATOMIC CLOCK HAS STOP WORKING OF VERY FIRST SATELLITE.

SO ISRO, SCIENTISTS DECIDED TO REPLACE THE SATELLITE IRNSS 1-A WITH IRNSS 1-H.THE SATELLITE FORMED AND LAUNCHED WITH THE ISRO ROCKET ON 1 SEPTEMBER,2017,12:29 AM IST, BUT MISSION WAS FAILED.THE REASON WAS THE HEAT SHIED WAS NOT SEPERATED FROM THE SATELLITE AS A RESULT THE SATELLITE IS NOT OPENED AND REMAIN INSIDE OF THE HEAT SHIED. THE HEAT SHIELD IS USED TO PROTECT THE SATTELITE FROM GETTING BURNED DUE TO THE PRESSURE OFFERED BY THE ATMOSPHERE LAYERS.THE SCIENTISTS CONCLUDES THAT THE SATELLITE WILL RE-ENTER TO EART ATMOSPHERE IN 45-60 DAYS.

* HOW ATOMIC CLOCK USEFUL  IN   NAVIGATION FOR NAVIC OR G.P.S?

ATOMIC CLOCK IS MOST ADVANCED CLOCK USED IN NAVIGATION OR DETECTION OR LOCATING DEVICES BEACAUSE IT OFFERS NO RESISTANCE TO THE QUARTZ CRYSTAL IN IT. THE SECOND’S ARE MAN MADE IN THE CLOCK WHEN THE DIALS ROTATE IT OFFERS SOME RESISTANCE IN ANY OF THE MEDIUM WHICH MAKES CLOCK LESS PRECISE AS A RESULT MISMATCH OCCURS.BUT ATOMIC CLOCK FREE FROM ALL THESE PROBLEMS .IT BASED ON PRINCIPLE OF LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY USED BY THE ELECTRONS IN THE CLOCK.IF THE ENERGY IS GIVEN TO THE ELECTRONS THEN IT WILL GOES TO THE HIGHER ENERY LEVEL WHICH IS A UNSTABLE STATE.SO AFTER  SOME MILLI SECONDS OF TIME IT CAME BACK TO GROUND LEVEL EMITTING A WAVE WHICH CAN BE MEASURED.SO IN THIS  WAY 1 SECOND CONTAINS 9192631770 CYCLES OF THE WHOLE PROCESS OF ELECTRONS IN ATOMIC CLOCK.GENERALLY,ATOMIC CLOCK IS MADE UP WITH THE USE OF  CESAIUM BUT INDIA IS USING RUBIDIUM FOR IT’S ATOMIC CLOCK . ATOMIC CLOCK USED IN SATELLITES ARE MANUFACTED IN INDIA UNDER THE MADE IN IN INDIA INITATIVE BY “SPECTRA TIME” PVT.LTD.

·THE PROJECT ESTIMATED COST Rs 1,420 CRORES AND FOR GROUND DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT SANCTIONED AMOUNT OF 300 CRORES TO THE ISRO.EACH SATELLITE COST AROUND 150 CRORES AND THE LAUNCHING FACILITY AND ROCKETS COST 130 CRORES.

*BENEFITS FOR INDIA FROM NAVIC: -

·      FIRST OF ALL, OUR INDEGENEOUS NAVIGATION HELPS IN PROTECTING OUR BORDERS AND TO TAKE A WATCH ON IT. WE SHOULD NOT BE DEPENDENT SOME OTHER COUNTRY FOR PROTECTING OUR MOTHERLAND “INDIA”.

·      IT WILL HELP INDIA IN RUNNING ECONOMY BY PROVIDING OUR NAVIGATION SERVICES TO OTHER COUNTRIES WHICH HELPS IN GENERATING REVENUE AND CONTRIBUTE IN ECONOMY.

·      ON SUCCESFUL STARTING SERVICES THE INDIA WILL EASILY GROW IN THE SECTOR OF DEFENCE AND RESEARCH.

·      INDIA WILL CAME INTO LIST OF COUNTRIES WHICH HAVING THEIR OWN NAVIGATION AND LOCATING SYSTEM AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL.

*APART FROM INDIA AND AMERICA THERE ARE 4 OTHER COUNTRIES HAVING THEIR OWN INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION PROGRAM SUCH AS RUSSIA(GLONASS), EU(GALLELIO), CHINA(BEIDOU) AND JAPAN(MSAS).

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                                                                                   BY:- HITESH SAINI